Share Presentation:   https://NeoK12.com/pres/HVUJE5UV
Earth's Rocks and Soil
by(cbaker)-01/11/12Be able to identify rocks and their properties
  
voxtrot:the start of somethingby visualpanic on Flickr

A ROCK is any naturally formed solid in the crust made up of one ormore kinds of minerals. Each mineral in a rock has its own streak, hardness, or crystal shape.  The most exact way to identify a rock is to name the minerals it contains.  Rocks are grouped into 3 types according to how they were formed.
Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
Meteora - Varlaam Abbeyby cod_gabriel on Flickr


IGNEOUS ROCKS

These form when melted rock materials cools and hardens.

Examples of igneous rocks- Rhyolite, Obsidian, Basalt, Granite, and Gabbro.

Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
Aci Trezza - Sunshine on the rocks :: HDRby ciccioetneo on Flickr


Molten rock material deep below the surface is called Magma.  Often magma makes it to the surface before hardening and it is called Lava.
Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
big rock HP sepia DBby dazza17 - DJ on Flickr


SEDIMENTARY ROCKS are made of small bits of matter joined together.  Most common sedimentary rocks are formed when sediment is compacted or cemented together.  Some are made of crystal of minerals that were once dissolved in water.

Examples of sedimentary rocks-  Shale, Siltstone, Sandstone, Limestone and Coal.

Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
Stones and Sea IIby Fr Antunes on Flickr


Sedimentary rocks are useful in helping piece together Earth's history. 

Limestone is used for buildings, trim, monuments, and even park benches.

Shale is often broken into pieces that are mixed with other materials to make concrete and cement.

Coal is a source of energy.

Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
2 of 3 Rock Formations off Point Buchon Trail just south of Montana de Oro MdOby mikebaird on Flickr


METAMORPHIC ROCKS are rocks that formed under heat and pressure but remained solid.  The mineral grains in the original rock may flatten and line up.  The minerals may change their identity.  The minerals in the origial rock may seperate into layers of different densities.  In each case the result is a rock different from the original.
Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
_MG_6246by Fikret Onal on Flickr


ORIGINAL ROCK               METAMORPHIC

Granite                                      Gneiss

(igneous)

 

Shale                                          Slate

(sedimentary)

 

Sandstone                                 Quartzite

(sedimentary)

 

Limestone                                 Marble

(sedimentary)

 

Slate                                           Schist

(metamorphic)

Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
Sigue la Línea / Follow the Lineby Miguel Vera on Flickr


The main ingredient in soil is weathered rock.   Soil may also contain water, air, bacteria, and humus.  Humus is decayed plant and animal material.
Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
Ploughedby Tim Green aka atoach on Flickr


Where does soil come from?  A layer of solid rock weathers into chunks.  The chunks weather into smaller pieces.  Living things die and decay and form humus.
Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
shadow1by CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture on Flickr


People depend on soil but at times ruin and waste it.  People often get rid of garbage by buring them in soil.  Hazardous wastes, spraying chemicals, tossing plastic and foam remains waste in the soil.  All these materials add up to pollution.  Pollution means adding harmful substances to Earth's land.

 We can protect soil by:

1-Adding fertilizers and humus-add these materials to replace minerals

2-Using crop rotation-each year grow different crops to replace minerals

3-Strip farming-strips of tightly grown grasses are grown and trap runoff

4-Contour plowing-plow furrows across rather than up and down

5-Terracing-a hillside is shaped into a series of steps, runoff and eroded soil is trapped

Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide
Geploegde akker in het bosby ednl on Flickr


Rocks are constantly changing from one rock to another. This process is called the Rock Cycle.  Part of this cycle is the weathering of rocks into bits and pieces- some of which may eventually become soil.  Rocks are a nonrenewable resource.
Slide Options : Move UP,   DOWN,   DELETE,   Insert BLANK Slide

 Share this Presentation:  https://NeoK12.com/pres/HVUJE5UVNeoK12.com - Educational Videos, Lessons, Quizzes & Presentations
All images are linked from Flickr Creative Commons under CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC0. Click attribution link under image for full details.